Zahana: Malaria Prevention Efforts

Malaria is a good example of how the needs of the community can be addressed as Zahana starts working with the villagers of Fiadanana in 2005. (Also see: Malaria prevention in 2009 in Fiarenena.)

Malaria is the second most common preventable disease in Fiadanana. Diarrhea is still the single most common cause, especially affecting children, but this issue is being addressed by the villagers as they build their own permanent clean water system.

Malaria (Plasmodium falciparum) is a seasonal disease that affects many parts of Madagascar every year. Much like the winter flu season in the West, Malaria appears as the winter season ends each year. Many doctors in Madagascar are still using Chloroquine as the standard drug of choice. Like in other parts of Africa, Chloroquine resistance has unfortunately become commonplace in Madagascar, rendering it rather ineffective. The Ministry of Health and WHO now recommend using Artemisine instead (for three days), but it is very expensive and forces many people to fall back on the well-known Chloroquine. Children under 5 years of age and pregnant women are supposed to get free treatment, but for many people in the countryside this service is not accessible or available.

In January of 2006 the villagers approached Zahana to provide them with medication for this year’s Malaria season. While medication is a good immediate stopgap measure for the individuals affected, it is merely a band-aid for systemic health problem. To implement a proactive prevention approach Zahana has acquired mosquito nets (‘bednets’ as they are called in Madagascar) to be distributed to the villagers.

It is one of the challenges of the Malagasy reality that when Malaria season comes around mosquito nets are is short supply and can only be purchased in the parallel market at highly inflated prices. Through clever diplomacy Zahana was able not only to secure mosquito nets, but buy them at a subsidized rate for a fraction of the cost of the ‘open’ market.

In the last site visit to Fiadanana in June 2006 Zahana representatives were able to deliver 118 mosquito nets to the community. Transportation costs are exorbitant in Madagascar and taking them ‘along’ during a site visit was the most cost effective option. A workshop in the proper use and treatment of the mosquito nets was held during the distribution to the community.
The distribution of 118 mosquito nets were given out based on with the following priorities set by the villager’s community consensus:

• Priority was given to pregnant women
• Mothers with children under 3 years of age
• Mothers with children under 5 years of age
• Older mothers
• Zahana women’s group

Most families in Fiadanana only have one bed in their houses that is shared by the entire family at night. Providing a mosquito net for basically every household is therefore a culturally appropriate approach to Malaria prevention and in sync with international Malaria prevention guidelines.

Mosquito nets are a new technology for Fiadanana. They have been introduced in the hope that the villagers will experience the benefits of mosquito nets first hand as the rate of Malaria drops significantly in the next few months. The families will treat them as a prized possession and with time, when this technology gets adopted, Zahana plans to help provide enough mosquito nets for every child, woman and man in the village. Mosquito nets will need to be treated with insect repellent every six months to remain effective and may need to be replaced every two to three years. Once the benefits of the mosquito nets have been accepted and adopted the additional steps of retreating and replacing them can be taught and become common practice over the years.

 

See: Malaria Prevention in the village of Fiarenana